Radium and Radon exhalation studies of soil

Everyone is exposed to radon because it is present everywhere with varying concentrations. Radon and its progeny are well established as lung carcinogenic. Track etch technique using LR-115 plastic track detectors has been used to measure the effective radium content and radon exhalation rates in soil samples collected from urban area of Etah district of Uttar Pradesh province in Northern India. The values of effective radium content are found to vary from 27.87 to 45.14 Bq.kg-[1] with a mean value of 34.98 Bq.kg-[1]. The mass exhalation rates of radon vary from 2.38 _ 10[-6] to 3.86 _ 10[-6] Bq.kg[-1].d[-1] with a mean value of 2.99 _ 10-6 Bq.kg[-1].d[-1]. The surface exhalation rates of radon have been found to vary from 6.19 _ 10[-5] to 10.03 _ 10[-5] Bq.m [-2].d[-1] with a mean value of 7.77 _ 10[-5] Bq.m [-2].d[-1]. Radon exhalation study is important for understanding the relative contribution of the material to the total radon concentration found inside the dwellings. The values of radium and radon exhalation rates are found to be below the safe limit recommended by OECD, 1979

Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with end stage renal disease: overall outcome in single centre experience

Coronary artery bypass surgery and its entire perioperative management is demanding in patients with end stage renal disease [ESRD]. We included data from all patients on hemodialysis who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG] between November 1st, 2003 and November 1st, 2006 at Sheikh Zayed hospital and Federal postgraduate medical institute, Lahore, Pakistan. During the study period 41 patients with end stage renal disease underwent coronary artery bypass grafting at the Sheikh Zayed hospital and Federal postgraduate medical institute, Lahore. Among these patients, we recorded a perioperative mortality of 19.51%. Six months survival rate was 75.60% among study group patients. The incidence of peripheral artery disease is reported significantly higher in the dialysis dependent patients. Uremic patients showed significantly lower hemoglobin serum levels [4], fresh frozen plasmas [FFP's] when needed. Our preliminary study indicates that coronary artery bypass surgery can be performed with acceptable midterm results when the specific requirements of this patient group are taken into account